BMI (Body Mass Index) - a math formula used for determining
the degree of excess weight in adults. BMI is a computation that divides an individual`s weight (kilograms) by height (meters) squared (BMI = [kg/mē]). BMI can also be calculated in pounds and inches: BMI=[lbs/inē] x 703. The common guideline currently recommended by the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) is that people who have a BMI of 25-29.9 are deemed to weigh more than they ought to and those people who have a BMI over 30 are said to be dangerously over their ideal body weight. BMI enables individuals to understand their health risk in being vulnerable to particular diseases, including hypertension (high blood pressure) and diabetes.
Stretch Reflex - a self-defensive, spontaneous nerve response, which causes muscular contraction. Overstretching the muscles or vigorous bouncing can set off the reflexive action, in which muscle tissues are trying to shield themselves from injury or damage.
Candida - an yeast like fungal infection usually affecting female genitals.
Sweeteners and Health - signifies the impact of sweeteners on human health. Regardless of whether it is regular sugars, low-calorie sweeteners, blends of two or more sweeteners, or sugar alcohols (such as sorbitol, mannitol, and maltitol) at work to produce the prized taste of a number of popular foods, nutritionists have a common consensus that sweet foods may be part of a healthful diet. The pivotal issue is moderation of calories in order to make sure that sweet foods, a few of which could contribute a small number of nutrients to the food consumed, do not jostle out foods that provide better nutrients. Total abstinence or denial of sweet foods could only make them more tempting, along with the possibility of gorging and guilt if people `give in`. Subsequent attempts at eliminating sweet foods from the diet might launch a cycle of deprivation and overindulgence, that can ultimately end in failure to achieve weight loss goals. Sugars and sweeteners are not responsible for hyperactivity in children, Type 2 diabetes, or any other chronic diseases. Scientific evidence does not support any link between the consumption of sugar and overweight or obesity in humans. Supplementary research on non-caloric sweeteners by the European Commission (EC) and the AFSSA (French Food Standards Agency) reaffirms their health safety and usefulness in the diet. Sugars and sweeteners have the potential to be valuable aids for efficient weight control when used synergistically physical activity and judicious food choices.
Hypotension - an abnormally low blood pressure. Hypotension is commonly linked to trauma, though not always indicative of it.
Soluble Fiber - a class of dietary fiber found in fruits such as apples, citrus fruits, plantains, as well as in cereals, bran, and oatmeal, beans and additional foods, which raises the viscosity in the gut and acts to reduce high blood cholesterol levels, which, in turn, reduces the chances of cardiovascular or coronary illness.
Isoflavones - a type of phytoestrogen present in soya beans and soy-based foods (where the two primary isoflavones are daidzein and genistein), which might counter the symptoms of female menopause.
Nutritionist - an expert who has exclusive training in the field of nutrition and who is competent to give advice in regard to choosing the right foods and plan healthy diets. Also called a `dietician`.
Laparoscopic Obesity Surgery - also called `laparoscopic bariatric surgery`. A minimally invasive bariatric (obesity) surgery performed using slender instruments and advanced camera systems.
Neotame - a versatile, newly-discovered non-caloric sweetener composed of 2 basic components of protein, the amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid, combined 2 organic functional groups, a methyl ester group and a neohexyl group. It is approximately 7,000 - 13,000 times as sweet when compared to white sugar and, as such, captures the `essence of sweetness` with merely an extremely small quantity needed to sweeten food. The chemical constitution of this sweetener keeps it stable during the baking process. Neotame was approved by the FDA in 2002 for general utilization in foods and beverages after an extensive assessment of over 100 research studies corroborating its safe and functional properties. This sweetening agent is rapidly metabolized, entirely eliminated, and does not accumulate in the human system. Neotame can also be safely used by the general population, including pregnant and lactating women, young children, and diabetics.
Prandial - referring to meals: prepandial is before mealtimes and postprandial is after mealtimes.
Lactic Acidosis - a fatal metabolic disorder resulting from the buildup of lactic acid, which is produced from glucose if there is insufficient oxygen. It has similar effects as ketoacidosis.
MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) - a flavor-enhancer used in foods. MSG is the compound of sodium with glutamic acid, which is one of the most common amino acids present naturally.
Basophils - white blood corpuscles that, when connected to IgE antibodies (immunoglobulin E antibodies that are involved in allergic reactions like hayfever) release histamine (a chemical present in cells throughout the body that is released during an allergic reaction) or other substances that bring about allergic symptoms.
5 A Day - stands for the nutritional recommendation to consume five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. The buzzword, `5 A Day`, was used as a promotional watchword in campaigns to encourage the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in everyday diets.
Placebo - also informally spoken of as a `sugar pill`, a `spurious` treatment that seems the same as the real treatment. Placebo treatments are used to eliminate skewed results from any preconceptions, for or against, that may arise from the expectation that a treatment should produce an effect.
Hypertension - blood pressure that is consistently high. This ailment is the most prevalent public health disease in westernized nations. Emphasis on lifestyle modifications has given diet a prominent part for both the primary prevention and management of hypertension.
Anorectic Drugs - a class of pharmaceutical drugs whose main purpose is to inhibit the sensation of hunger and are hence used by and prescribed to those who must cut down their calorie intake to lose weight.
Nutrients - chemical substances (such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, or minerals) that are the constituents of food and are necessary for growth and life. Nutrients fall into two classes: macronutrients and micronutrients. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients. The group of micronutrients comprises vitamins and minerals. People should have a varied diet in order to give the body sufficient quantities of macro- and micronutrients. As an example, fish, meat, and poultry are abundant sources of protein. Potatoes, rice, and cereals are excellent sources of carbohydrates. Fats are plentiful in cheese, butter, and meat products. Vitamins are abundant in fruits and vegetables. Dairy products like milk and its derivatives are rich in minerals.
Saponins - the functional constituent of soyabeans, as well as other soy foods and foods that contain protein, which might lower LDL cholesterol and may contain anti-cancer enzymes.
Subcutaneous - beneath the skin, but above the fascia and muscle.
Adipose Tissue - a specialized sort of connective tissue in the human body for storing cellular fat.
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